Efektivitas Penggunaan Artificial Intelligence (AI) Atau Kecerdasan Buatan Dalam Mendukung Profesionalisme Keperawatan: Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis

Riqza Alfaiz Zahran; Nita Fitria

doi:10.31004/riggs.v4i4.3364

Authors

Riqza Alfaiz Zahran Universitas Padjadjaran
Nita Fitria Universitas Padjadjaran

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31004/riggs.v4i4.3364

Keywords:

Artificial Intelligence, Efektivitas, Keperawatan, Profesionalisme, Tinjauan Sistematis

Abstract

Profesionalisme keperawatan menghadapi tantangan akibat meningkatnya beban kerja dan kekurangan tenaga kesehatan global. Kecerdasan Buatan (AI) hadir sebagai inovasi potensial untuk mendukung praktik keperawatan, namun efektivitas dan hambatannya perlu ditinjau secara sistematis. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai efektivitas penggunaan AI dalam mendukung profesionalisme keperawatan, khususnya terkait keselamatan pasien, efisiensi alur kerja, dan kualitas dokumentasi. Tinjauan literatur sistematis dilakukan pada lima database (Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Oxford Academic, Statista) untuk publikasi Januari 2019–Desember 2024 menggunakan pedoman PRISMA. Dari 3.621 artikel yang teridentifikasi, 12 studi memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan AI berperan signifikan dalam tiga aspek: (1) meningkatkan keselamatan pasien melalui deteksi dini perburukan kondisi, identifikasi sindrom klinis otomatis, serta pengurangan alarm fatigue; (2) mengoptimalkan efisiensi alur kerja dengan mengotomatisasi tinjauan rekam medis dan imputasi data; serta (3) memperbaiki kualitas dokumentasi dengan mengubah data naratif tidak terstruktur menjadi data terstruktur yang akurat dan dapat dianalisis. Namun, implementasi AI masih menghadapi hambatan sosio-teknis, seperti rendahnya kepercayaan staf, meningkatnya kecemasan, serta kesenjangan antara validasi teknis algoritma dengan bukti peningkatan luaran pasien di dunia nyata. Secara keseluruhan, AI memiliki potensi transformatif untuk memperkuat profesionalisme keperawatan melalui praktik berbasis bukti, efisiensi, dan peningkatan keselamatan pasien, dengan catatan keberhasilan implementasinya membutuhkan strategi manajemen perubahan yang efektif serta integrasi yang tepat ke dalam alur kerja klinis.

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