Transformasi Digital dalam Manajemen SDM Kesehatan: Tinjauan Literatur tentang Aplikasi Teknologi untuk Staffing, Pengembangan Kompetensi, dan Retensi Tenaga Kesehatan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/riggs.v4i4.4336Keywords:
Transformasi Digital, Manajemen SDM Kesehatan, Staffing, Pengembangan Kompetensi, Retensi Tenaga Kesehatan, Tinjauan LiteraturAbstract
Transformasi digital merevolusi paradigma Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) di sektor kesehatan, menawarkan solusi inovatif untuk tantangan kronis dalam staffing (penyusunan dan penjadwalan tenaga), pengembangan kompetensi, dan retensi tenaga kesehatan. Tinjauan literatur sistematis ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis bukti empiris dan konseptual terkini (2018-2023) mengenai penerapan teknologi digital dalam ketiga pilar utama manajemen SDM kesehatan tersebut. Metodologi mencakup pencarian ekstensif pada database PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, dan CINAHL, yang mengidentifikasi 2.345 artikel, dengan 48 studi memenuhi kriteria inklusi setelah seleksi ketat. Hasil analisis tematik mengungkapkan bahwa teknologi seperti Artificial Intelligence (AI) dan workforce analytics untuk penjadwalan prediktif berpotensi meningkatkan efisiensi alokasi tenaga, mengurangi kelelahan kerja (burnout), dan meningkatkan kepuasan staf. Dalam pengembangan kompetensi, platform e-learning adaptif dan simulasi Virtual Reality (VR)/Augmented Reality (AR) terbukti meningkatkan efektivitas pelatihan, retensi keterampilan klinis, dan aksesibilitas pendidikan berkelanjutan. Sementara itu, analitik prediktif dan aplikasi kesejahteraan digital (wellness apps) menawarkan pendekatan berbasis data untuk mengidentifikasi risiko turnover dini dan meningkatkan keterlibatan (engagement) karyawan. Namun, diseminasi teknologi ini dibayangi oleh tantangan signifikan seperti resistensi pengguna, kekhawatiran etika terkait bias algoritma dan privasi data, serta kesenjangan infrastruktur dan kapabilitas digital, terutama di daerah terpencil. Kesimpulannya, keberhasilan transformasi digital dalam manajemen SDM kesehatan tidak semata-mata bergantung pada keunggulan teknis, tetapi pada pendekatan holistik yang secara seimbang mengintegrasikan aspek teknologi dengan penerimaan manusia, tata kelola etika, dan kesiapan budaya organisasi. Implikasi praktis menekankan urgensi investasi dalam literasi digital, pengembangan kebijakan tata kelola data yang transparan dan akuntabel, serta penerapan model desain partisipatif yang melibatkan tenaga kesehatan sebagai pengguna utama
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