Pengaruh Efisiensi Operasional, Leverage, dan Arus Kas Operasi terhadap Financial Distress pada Perusahaan Transportasi dan Logistik yang Terdaftar di Bei Periode 2021-2024

Zaki Riyan Maulana; Chara Pratami Tidespania Tubarad

doi:10.31004/riggs.v5i2.10050

Authors

Zaki Riyan Maulana Universitas Lampung
Chara Pratami Tidespania Tubarad Universitas Lampung

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31004/riggs.v5i2.10050

Keywords:

Efisiensi Operasional, Leverage, Arus Kas Operasi, Financial Distress, Perusahaan Transportasi Dan Logistik

Abstract

Sektor transportasi dan logistik merupakan salah satu sektor yang memiliki peran strategis dalam mendukung pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional, namun sektor ini juga memiliki tingkat risiko financial distress yang cukup tinggi akibat tingginya biaya operasional, ketergantungan terhadap pendanaan utang, serta dampak fluktuasi nilai tukar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh efisiensi operasional, leverage, dan arus kas operasi terhadap financial distress pada perusahaan sektor transportasi dan logistik yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) periode 2021–2024. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari laporan keuangan tahunan perusahaan yang dipublikasikan melalui situs resmi Bursa Efek Indonesia dan website masing-masing perusahaan. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling sehingga diperoleh 32 perusahaan dengan total 128 observasi. Financial distress diukur menggunakan model Grover (G-Score), sedangkan efisiensi operasional diproksikan dengan BOPO, leverage dengan Debt to Asset Ratio (DAR), dan arus kas operasi dengan rasio arus kas operasi terhadap kewajiban lancar. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan analisis diskriminan dan regresi logistik biner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efisiensi operasional tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap financial distress. Sebaliknya, leverage berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap financial distress, yang menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi tingkat utang perusahaan maka semakin besar kemungkinan perusahaan mengalami kesulitan keuangan. Sementara itu, arus kas operasi berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap financial distress, sehingga semakin tinggi kemampuan perusahaan menghasilkan arus kas dari aktivitas operasionalnya, semakin rendah risiko mengalami financial distress. Secara simultan, efisiensi operasional, leverage, dan arus kas operasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap financial distress.

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