Efektivitas Strategi Sosialisasi Pencegahan Narkoba: Tinjauan Literatur terhadap Kesenjangan antara Pengetahuan dan Perilaku

Najarudin Najarudin; Eliyanti Agus Mokodompit

doi:10.31004/riggs.v4i4.4801

Authors

Najarudin Najarudin Universitas Karya Persada Muna
Eliyanti Agus Mokodompit Universitas Halu Oleo

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31004/riggs.v4i4.4801

Keywords:

Sosialisasi Narkoba, Pencegahan Narkoba, Perilaku Berisiko, Lingkungan Sosial, Literature Review

Abstract

Penyalahgunaan narkoba hingga saat ini masih menjadi permasalahan kesehatan masyarakat dan sosial yang serius, meskipun berbagai strategi sosialisasi pencegahan telah dilakukan secara masif oleh pemerintah dan berbagai pemangku kepentingan. Kondisi ini menunjukkan adanya kesenjangan antara intensitas sosialisasi yang tinggi dan capaian penurunan prevalensi pengguna narkoba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji secara komprehensif strategi sosialisasi pencegahan narkoba yang telah diterapkan serta mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan strategi tersebut belum mampu menghasilkan perubahan perilaku yang signifikan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah literature review dengan pendekatan naratif berbasis sintesis tematik terhadap artikel jurnal ilmiah dan laporan institusi nasional maupun internasional yang relevan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar strategi sosialisasi masih berorientasi pada penyampaian informasi dan peningkatan pengetahuan mengenai bahaya narkoba. Pendekatan ini efektif dalam meningkatkan kesadaran, tetapi memiliki keterbatasan dalam mendorong perubahan perilaku jangka panjang. Faktor lingkungan sosial, tekanan teman sebaya, lemahnya keterlibatan keluarga, stigma terhadap pengguna narkoba, serta kurangnya integrasi antara sosialisasi dan layanan kesehatan serta rehabilitasi menjadi penghambat utama keberhasilan pencegahan. Selain itu, banyak program sosialisasi bersifat insidental dan tidak berkelanjutan, sehingga dampaknya cenderung sementara. Kesimpulan dari kajian ini menegaskan bahwa efektivitas sosialisasi pencegahan narkoba sangat bergantung pada perubahan paradigma, dari pendekatan informatif menuju pendekatan yang berbasis keterampilan hidup, berkelanjutan, melibatkan keluarga dan komunitas, serta terintegrasi dengan layanan kesehatan. Temuan ini diharapkan dapat menjadi dasar bagi pengembangan strategi pencegahan narkoba yang lebih holistik dan berorientasi pada perubahan perilaku

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