Numerical Optimization of Electric Field Characteristics in FGM Solid Insulators

Satia Zaputra; Usman Sartoyo; Yudhi Hermawan

doi:10.31004/riggs.v4i4.7365

Authors

Satia Zaputra Universitas Kebangsaan Republik Indonesia
Usman Sartoyo Universitas Kebangsaan Republik Indonesia
Yudhi Hermawan Universitas Kebangsaan Republik Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31004/riggs.v4i4.7365

Keywords:

FGM Solid Insulator, Electric Field Distribution, Numerical Simulation, Electric Field Grading, Permittivity Optimization

Abstract

Electric field concentration in solid insulation is a critical issue because it can accelerate dielectric degradation, reduce insulation reliability, and increase the possibility of local electrical stress in high-voltage applications. Functionally graded material (FGM) has been widely investigated as an effective method for electric field grading through controlled spatial permittivity distribution. This study aims to optimize the electric field characteristics of FGM solid insulators using a numerical simulation approach. A cylindrical coaxial insulator model consisting of a central high-voltage conductor and five concentric dielectric layers was analyzed under three relative permittivity configurations, namely homogeneous, small-big (SB), and big-small (BS). The simulation was carried out at an applied voltage of 150 kV, and the performance of each configuration was evaluated using the maximum electric field, minimum electric field, average electric field, and electric field grading index. The results show that the permittivity distribution significantly affects the radial electric field profile and local field enhancement in critical regions. The BS-type FGM exhibited the best performance, with the lowest maximum electric field of 3.741 kV/mm and the highest electric field grading index of 81.25%, compared with 5.099 kV/mm and 58.85% for the homogeneous insulator, and 6.921 kV/mm and 42.78% for the SB-type FGM. These findings confirm that numerical simulation is effective for identifying suitable FGM configurations to reduce electric field concentration and improve field grading performance in solid insulators.

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