Dampak Implementasi Kebijakan Pajak Karbon terhadap Daya Saing Kompetitif Sektor Industri Manufaktur di Indonesia: Analisis Ekonomi dan Strategis

Loso Judijanto

doi:10.31004/riggs.v4i3.3027

Authors

Loso Judijanto IPOSS

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31004/riggs.v4i3.3027

Keywords:

Pajak Karbon, Daya Saing Industri, Manufaktur Indonesia, Ekonomi Rendah Karbon, Kebijakan Iklim

Abstract

Penelitian ini menganalisis dampak implementasi kebijakan pajak karbon terhadap daya saing kompetitif sektor industri manufaktur Indonesia dalam konteks transisi menuju ekonomi rendah karbon. Menggunakan pendekatan analisis kuantitatif dan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus pada lima subsektor manufaktur utama (tekstil, makanan dan minuman, kimia, logam dasar, dan semen), penelitian ini mengevaluasi implikasi ekonomi dari penerapan pajak karbon sebesar 30 dolar Amerika Serikat per ton CO2 ekuivalen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi pajak karbon menghasilkan dampak yang bervariasi antar subsektor, dengan industri semen dan logam dasar mengalami peningkatan biaya produksi hingga 8-12%, sementara industri tekstil dan makanan minuman relatif lebih tahan dengan peningkatan biaya 3-5%. Analisis mendalam mengungkapkan bahwa meskipun terjadi kenaikan biaya produksi jangka pendek, pajak karbon efektif mendorong inovasi teknologi hijau dan peningkatan efisiensi energi yang pada jangka panjang dapat meningkatkan daya saing global industri manufaktur Indonesia. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan implementasi bertahap dengan skema insentif untuk investasi teknologi bersih, perlindungan sementara untuk industri padat karbon melalui mekanisme rebate atau kompensasi, serta pengembangan mekanisme carbon leakage protection untuk menjaga daya saing ekspor di pasar internasional dan mencegah relokasi industri.

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