Systematic Literature Review: Strategi Kewirausahaan Virtual dalam Ekosistem Metaverse dan Dampaknya terhadap Ekonomi Digital

Fahlia Fahlia; Irawati Irawati; Jannatun Aliyah; Wilia Ismiyarti

doi:10.31004/riggs.v4i4.4455

Authors

Fahlia Fahlia Universitas Teknologi Sumbawa
Irawati Irawati Universitas Teknologi Sumbawa
Jannatun Aliyah Universitas Teknologi Sumbawa
Wilia Ismiyarti Universitas Teknologi Sumbawa

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31004/riggs.v4i4.4455

Keywords:

Metaverse, Kewirausahaan Digital, DeFi, Pemasaran Imersif, V-Commerce, Sistematis Literature Review

Abstract

Evolusi Metaverse telah merevolusi paradigma ekonomi digital kontemporer, menghadirkan transformasi fundamental dalam proses penciptaan nilai dan peluang kewirausahaan virtual. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis secara komprehensif strategi kewirausahaan dalam ekosistem Metaverse serta dampaknya terhadap struktur ekonomi digital melalui pendekatan tinjauan pustaka sistematis (Systematic Literature Review/SLR). Metodologi penelitian mengintegrasikan analisis bibliometrik kuantitatif dengan sintesis tematik kualitatif terhadap 50 artikel jurnal bereputasi yang dipublikasikan periode 2015-2025, menggunakan perangkat lunak VOSviewer untuk visualisasi pola intelektual dan tren penelitian. Hasil analisis mengungkapkan empat klaster tematik dominan: infrastruktur keuangan terdesentralisasi (DeFi & NFT), transformasi model bisnis menuju V-commerce, dinamika pemasaran imersif, dan tantangan etika-regulasi. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa Metaverse menciptakan ekosistem kewirausahaan baru dengan mekanisme penciptaan nilai yang radikal, menggeser paradigma ekonomi dari model transaksional menuju ekonomi pengalaman dan perhatian (attention economy). Namun, transformasi ini dihambat oleh kesenjangan regulasi, risiko eksploitasi tenaga kerja virtual (playbour), serta ketidakpastian yurisdiksi hukum lintas batas negara. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi teoretis signifikan melalui pengembangan kerangka kerja "Strategi Hibrida" yang mengintegrasikan teori kemampuan dinamis dengan konsep "Cyberism", sekaligus menawarkan implikasi praktis bagi wirausahawan digital dalam menavigasi ekosistem virtual. Di masa depan, penelitian longitudinal tentang keberlanjutan startup Metaverse serta analisis dampak psikososial kerja virtual memerlukan perhatian khusus untuk memastikan pertumbuhan ekonomi digital yang inklusif dan berkelanjutan.

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