Peran Fintech dalam Mendorong Inklusi Keuangan Masyarakat Unbanked di Negara Berkembang

Muhammad Ardhianto; Farhan Lucky; Achmad Azzamroni Athaillah; Aiira Nazhan Dzar Al-Giffari; Satrio Bagus Sasmito; Diki Putra Setianto

doi:10.31004/riggs.v5i2.9553

Authors

Muhammad Ardhianto Universitas Negeri Surabaya
Farhan Lucky Universitas Negeri Surabaya
Achmad Azzamroni Athaillah Universitas Negeri Surabaya
Aiira Nazhan Dzar Al-Giffari Universitas Negeri Surabaya
Satrio Bagus Sasmito Universitas Negeri Surabaya
Diki Putra Setianto Universitas Negeri Surabaya

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31004/riggs.v5i2.9553

Keywords:

Fintech, Inklusi Keuangan, Unbanked, Perbankan Seluler, Literasi Digital, Negara Berkembang

Abstract

Inklusi keuangan masih menjadi pekerjaan rumah yang besar bagi negara-negara berkembang, di mana sebagian masyarakat masih hidup tanpa akses terhadap layanan perbankan formal. Kemunculan financial technology (fintech) memberikan harapan baru karena teknologi ini berpotensi memangkas hambatan biaya, jarak, dan birokrasi yang selama ini menyulitkan kelompok unbanked. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran fintech, terutama melalui perbankan seluler dan pembayaran digital, dalam memperluas jangkauan inklusi keuangan, sekaligus mengidentifikasi tantangan adopsinya pada kelompok masyarakat yang belum terlayani. Metode yang digunakan adalah Systematic Literature Review (SLR) terhadap 20 publikasi ilmiah yang terbit antara tahun 2020 hingga 2025, mencakup jurnal internasional bereputasi, laporan resmi lembaga internasional, dan studi kasus dari berbagai negara berkembang. Hasil tinjauan menunjukkan bahwa platform seperti M-Pesa di Kenya dan Unified Payments Interface (UPI) di India telah berhasil mendemokratisasi layanan keuangan dengan menekan biaya transaksi dan memperpendek jarak antara penyedia dan pengguna. Meski demikian, adopsi fintech masih dibayangi oleh sejumlah hambatan struktural, mulai dari rendahnya literasi digital, infrastruktur telekomunikasi yang timpang, hingga meningkatnya risiko kejahatan siber. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa literasi keuangan berperan sebagai variabel penghubung yang menentukan sejauh mana manfaat fintech dapat dirasakan, khususnya oleh kelompok rentan seperti perempuan dan masyarakat pedesaan. Implikasi dari studi ini menegaskan pentingnya kolaborasi antara regulator, penyedia layanan, dan lembaga edukasi dalam membangun ekosistem fintech yang inklusif, aman, dan berkelanjutan.

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