Implementasi Qanun Jinayat Aceh dalam Perspektif Maqashid Al-Syariah: Kajian Normatif, Prosedural, dan Hak Asasi Manusia

Natasya Windi Aqilla; Chyka Olyvia Saragih; Muhammad Rifky; M Fariz Zaky; Muhammad Ghatan Riza Harahap; Marchello Benedictus Pinem

doi:10.31004/riggs.v5i2.8576

Authors

Natasya Windi Aqilla Universitas Negeri Medan
Chyka Olyvia Saragih Universitas Negeri Medan
Muhammad Rifky Universitas Negeri Medan
M Fariz Zaky Universitas Negeri Medan
Muhammad Ghatan Riza Harahap Universitas Negeri Medan
Marchello Benedictus Pinem Universitas Negeri Medan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31004/riggs.v5i2.8576

Keywords:

Hukum Syariat Islam, Hukuman Cambuk, Aceh, Maqashid Al-Syariah, Qanun Jinayat, Hak Asasi Manusia, Rehabilitasi, Indonesia

Abstract

Penelitian ini mengkaji penerapan hukum pidana Islam atau Qanun Jinayat di Provinsi Aceh, Indonesia, dengan menitikberatkan pada aspek normatif, prosedural, dan maqashid al-syariah. Fokus kajian diarahkan pada pelaksanaan hukuman cambuk sebanyak 140 kali di Banda Aceh pada Januari 2026 sebagai contoh aktual penerapan sanksi jinayat dalam praktik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan kepustakaan melalui telaah terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan, literatur fikih klasik, dokumen hukum nasional, serta prinsip hak asasi manusia internasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai apakah standar pembuktian dalam praktik Qanun Jinayat telah memenuhi syarat ketat sebagaimana dikenal dalam fikih Islam klasik, sekaligus mengevaluasi kesesuaiannya dengan lima tujuan utama hukum Islam atau al-kulliyyat al-khams. Hasil kajian menunjukkan adanya kesenjangan substantif antara standar pembuktian fikih klasik dan praktik peradilan Aceh kontemporer. Selain itu, belum adanya mekanisme rehabilitasi yang terstruktur menunjukkan lemahnya orientasi pemidanaan terhadap tujuan perbaikan atau islah. Penelitian ini juga menemukan ketegangan normatif antara kewenangan syariat daerah berdasarkan UU Pemerintahan Aceh, sistem hukum nasional Indonesia, dan standar perlindungan HAM. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, penelitian ini menawarkan kerangka Reformasi Penegakan Syariat Berbasis Maqashid (RPSM). Kerangka ini meliputi revisi Qanun Jinayat dengan memasukkan prinsip maqashid sebagai pertimbangan peradilan yang mengikat, penguatan kapasitas kelembagaan peradilan, integrasi program rehabilitasi dalam pemidanaan, serta profesionalisasi korps penegak Wilayatul Hisbah. Dengan demikian, penegakan syariat di Aceh diharapkan lebih selaras dengan nilai keadilan, kemaslahatan, perlindungan martabat manusia, dan tujuan utama hukum Islam.

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