Studi Literatur: Analisis Kesenjangan Implementasi Project Based Learning dalam Mendukung Kemampuan Problem Solving Siswa SMK
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/riggs.v5i2.8544Keywords:
Project Based Learning, Problem Solving, Pendidikan Vokasional, Siswa SMK, Kesenjangan ImplementasiAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesenjangan implementasi Project Based Learning (PjBL) dalam mendukung kemampuan problem solving siswa Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) melalui pendekatan studi literatur. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur dengan menelaah 35 artikel ilmiah yang relevan pada rentang tahun 2016–2025 yang diperoleh dari berbagai basis data seperti Google Scholar, Scopus, dan ResearchGate. Analisis dilakukan melalui tahapan identifikasi, klasifikasi, analisis tematik, dan sintesis untuk memperoleh gambaran yang komprehensif mengenai implementasi PjBL dalam konteks pendidikan vokasional. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa PjBL secara konsisten memberikan dampak positif terhadap peningkatan kemampuan problem solving, motivasi belajar, keterlibatan siswa, serta pengembangan keterampilan abad ke-21 seperti kolaborasi dan komunikasi. Dalam konteks SMK, efektivitas PjBL cenderung optimal ketika proyek dirancang secara kontekstual, memiliki tahapan kerja yang sistematis, serta didukung oleh peran aktif guru sebagai fasilitator dan penggunaan asesmen berbasis proses. Namun demikian, kajian ini juga mengidentifikasi adanya kesenjangan implementasi, di mana sebagian besar praktik pembelajaran masih berorientasi pada hasil akhir (produk) dibandingkan proses pengembangan problem solving siswa. Selain itu, keterbatasan dalam desain proyek, kurangnya scaffolding dari guru, serta kesulitan dalam mengukur kontribusi individu dalam kerja kelompok menjadi tantangan utama. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pengembangan strategi pembelajaran yang lebih terstruktur, kontekstual, dan berorientasi pada proses untuk mengoptimalkan peran PjBL dalam meningkatkan kemampuan problem solving siswa SMK serta kesiapan mereka menghadapi dunia kerja.
Downloads
References
C. L. Chiang and H. Lee, “The Effect of Project-Based Learning on Learning Motivation and Problem-Solving Ability of Vocational High School Students,” Int. J. Inf. Educ. Technol., vol. 6, no. 9, pp. 709–712, 2016, doi: 10.7763/IJIET.2016.V6.779.
J. Afriana, A. Permanasari, and A. Fitriani, “Project based learning integrated to STEM to enhance elementary school students' scientific literacy,” J. Pendidik. IPA Indones., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 261–267, 2016, doi: 10.15294/jpii.v5i2.5493.
M. G. Jatisunda, D. Suryadi, and S. Prabawanto, “Enhancing mathematical problem-solving ability through project-based learning: A study of vocational high school student,” J. Elemen, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 711–727, 2024, doi: 10.29408/jel.v10i3.26244.
W. Sumarni, S. Wardani, Sudarmin, and D. N. Gupitasari, “Project based learning (PBL) to improve psychomotoric skills: a classroom action research,” J. Pendidik. IPA Indones., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 157–163, 2016, doi: 10.15294/jpii.v5i2.4402.
A. Habók and J. Nagy, “In-service teachers' perceptions of project-based learning,” SpringerPlus, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 1–14, 2016, doi: 10.1186/s40064-016-1725-4.
V. L. Holmes and Y. Hwang, “Exploring the effects of project-based learning in secondary mathematics education,” J. Educ. Res., vol. 109, no. 5, pp. 449–463, 2016, doi: 10.1080/00220671.2014.979911.
G. Arcidiacono, K. Yang, J. Trewn, and L. Bucciarelli, “Application of axiomatic design for project-based learning methodology,” Procedia CIRP, vol. 53, pp. 166–172, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.procir.2016.08.003.
G. Flores-Fuentes and E. L. Juárez-Ruiz, “Aprendizaje basado en proyectos para el desarrollo de competencias matemáticas en bachillerato,” Rev. Educ. Mat., 2017.
Refdinal, N. Jalinus, and Usman, “Improving Problem Solving Ability and Skill Competence of Mechanical Engineering Students Through Project-based Learning,” 2023.
N. Jalinus, R. A. Nabawi, and A. Mardin, “The Seven Steps of Project Based Learning Model to Enhance Productive Competences of Vocational Students,” 2017.
N. Jalinus and R. A. Nabawi, “Implementation of the PjBL model to enhance problem solving skill and skill competency of community college student,” J. Pendidik. Vokasi, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 304–311, 2017.
C. H. Chen and Y. C. Yang, “Revisiting the effects of project-based learning on students' academic achievement: a meta-analysis investigating moderators,” Educ. Res. Rev., vol. 26, pp. 71–81, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.edurev.2018.11.001.
N. Jalinus, Syahril, and R. A. Nabawi, “A Comparison of the Problem-Solving Skills of Students in PjBL Versus CPjBL Model: An Experimental Study,” J. Tech. Educ. Train., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 36–43, 2019, doi: 10.30880/jtet.2019.11.01.005.
I. M. Mantawy, et al., “Bridging the gap between academia and practice: project-based class for prestressed concrete applications,” Educ. Sci., vol. 9, no. 3, 2019, doi: 10.3390/educsci9030176.
J. Choi, J. H. Lee, and B. Kim, “How does learner-centered education affect teacher self-efficacy? The case of project-based learning in Korea,” Teach. Teach. Educ., vol. 85, pp. 45–57, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.tate.2019.05.005.
R. Shpeizer, “Towards a successful integration of project-based learning in higher education: challenges, technologies and methods of implementation,” Univers. J. Educ. Res., vol. 7, no. 8, pp. 1765–1771, 2019, doi: 10.13189/ujer.2019.070815.
E. C. Miller and J. S. Krajcik, “Promoting deep learning through project-based learning: a design problem,” Discip. Interdiscip. Sci. Educ. Res., vol. 1, no. 1, 2019, doi: 10.1186/s43031-019-0009-6.
G. Dogara, M. S. Bin Saud, Y. Bin Kamin, M. Z. Bin Abd Hamid, and M. S. Bin Nordin, “Developing Soft Skills through Project-Based Learning in Technical and Vocational Institutions,” Int. J. Recent Technol. Eng., vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 5872–5877, 2019, doi: 10.35940/ijrte.A9803.098319.
L. Sukanti, Sutarman, and I. Mohd, “Project-Based Learning Implementation in Improving Students' Skills at SMK Negeri 1 Tangerang,” Int. J. Educ. Manag. Sociol., vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 378–390, 2025, doi: 10.58818/ijems.v4i6.261.
R. Mustapha, et al., “Assessing the implementation of the project-based learning (PJBL) in the department of mechanical engineering at a Malaysian polytechnic,” J. Tech. Educ. Train., vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 100–118, 2020, doi: 10.30880/jtet.2020.12.01.011.
P. Parrado-Martínez and S. Sánchez-Andújar, “Development of competences in postgraduate studies of finance: a project-based learning (PBL) case study,” Int. Rev. Econ. Educ., vol. 35, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.iree.2020.100192.
M. M. Alamri, “Using blended project-based learning for students' behavioral intention to use and academic achievement in higher education,” Educ. Sci., vol. 11, no. 5, 2021, doi: 10.3390/educsci11050207.
A. S. Potvin, A. G. Boardman, and K. Stamatis, “Consequential change: teachers scale project-based learning in English language arts,” Teach. Teach. Educ., vol. 107, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.tate.2021.103469.
M. Barak and S. Yuan, “A cultural perspective to project-based learning and the cultivation of innovative thinking,” Think. Ski. Creat., vol. 39, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.tsc.2020.100766.
S. B. Albar and J. E. Southcott, “Problem and project-based learning through an investigation lesson: Significant gains in creative thinking behaviour,” Think. Ski. Creat., vol. 41, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.tsc.2021.100853.
C. Martinez, “Developing 21st century teaching skills: a case study of teaching and learning through project-based curriculum,” Cogent Educ., vol. 9, no. 1, 2022, doi: 10.1080/2331186X.2021.2024936.
P. Rupavijetra, P. Nilsook, J. Jitsupa, and T. Nopparit, “Collaborative project-based learning to train students for conducting the training project for older adults,” Int. J. Eval. Res. Educ., vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 2039–2048, 2022, doi: 10.11591/ijere.v11i4.22888.
S. Sukaesih, S. Zubaidah, S. Mahanal, and D. Listyorini, “Enhancing students' nature of science understanding through project-based learning and mind mapping,” Int. J. Eval. Res. Educ., vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 1704–1713, 2022, doi: 10.11591/ijere.v11i4.22282.
Syahril, et al., “The Effectiveness of Project-Based Learning on 4Cs Skills of Vocational Students in Higher Education,” J. Tech. Educ. Train., vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 29–37, 2022, doi: 10.30880/jtet.2022.14.03.003.
U. Usmeldi and R. Amini, “Creative project-based learning model to increase creativity of vocational high school students,” Int. J. Eval. Res. Educ., vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 2155–2164, 2022, doi: 10.11591/ijere.v11i4.21214.
A. Suradika, H. I. Dewi, and M. I. Nasution, “Project-based learning and problem-based learning models in critical and creative students,” J. Pendidik. IPA Indones., vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 153–167, 2023, doi: 10.15294/jpii.v12i1.39713.
D. Tsybulsky and Y. Muchnik-Rozanov, “The contribution of a project-based learning course to the development of preservice teachers' professional identity,” Teach. Teach. Educ., vol. 124, 104020, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.tate.2023.104020.
M. Akhyar, F. Ihsan, S. Suharno, A. Tamrin, and P. Purwanto, “Development of problem and project-based learning syntax to improve vocational student learning outcomes,” J. Pendidik. Teknol. Kejuru., vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 01–19, 2024, doi: 10.21831/jptk.v30i1.53968.
Y. Lee and B. Lee, “Developing career-related skills through project-based learning,” Stud. Educ. Eval., vol. 83, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.stueduc.2024.101378.
M. Xiong, N. N. Chan, B. E. Wong, X. Xie, and M. Na, “Investigating cognitive flexibility and innovation in interdisciplinary project-based learning: the role of openness to learning and peer feedback quality in vocational education,” Front. Psychol., vol. 16, 2025, doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1691422.
R. D. Anazifa and Djukri, "Project-Based Learning and Problem-Based Learning:
Are They Effective to Improve Student's Thinking Skills?," J. Pendidik. IPA Indones.,
vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 346–355, 2017, doi: 10.15294/jpii.v6i2.11100.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Nayla Najma Arifin, Azhar Maulana Dzaki Rizqullah, Georedy Hermawan Pratama, Lazuardi Syahrul Ramadhan, Adena Fitria Nadya Jasmine, Kent Reivan Arryan Bima, Mohammad Wildan Habibi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
