Optimalisasi Desain Plat Lantai Beton Bertulang berdasarkan Harga Terendah Menggunakan Metode Genetic Algorithm

Ahmad Faadhil Murtaza; Agung Budiwirawan

doi:10.31004/riggs.v5i2.7791

Authors

Ahmad Faadhil Murtaza Universitas Negeri Semarang
Agung Budiwirawan Universitas Negeri Semarang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31004/riggs.v5i2.7791

Keywords:

Optimalisasi Desain, Plat Lantai Beton Bertulang, Genetic Algorithm, Biaya Konstruksi, Python, Analisis Sensitivitas, Validasi SNI

Abstract

Perencanaan plat lantai beton bertulang secara konvensional menggunakan pendekatan trial and error sering menghasilkan desain yang konservatif sehingga tidak efisien dari segi biaya dan penggunaan material. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan model optimalisasi desain plat lantai beton bertulang tipe one-way slab berbasis Python dengan menerapkan metode Genetic Algorithm (GA) untuk memperoleh konfigurasi desain berbiaya konstruksi minimum. Kebaruan penelitian terletak pada integrasi otomatis ketentuan SNI dan analisis biaya lokal AHSP Kota Semarang dalam fungsi evaluasi GA. Variabel desain yang dioptimalkan meliputi tebal plat (H), diameter tulangan (Db), mutu beton (fc'), dan jarak tulangan (S), dengan batasan teknis berupa kapasitas lentur dan kontrol lendutan sesuai SNI 2847:2019, SNI 2052:2017, dan SNI 1727:2020. Parameter GA yang digunakan adalah populasi POP_SIZE = 60 individu, generasi maksimum GENERATIONS = 80, laju mutasi MUTATION_RATE = 0,1, dan nilai penalti PENALTY = 1×10⁹ terhadap pelanggaran batasan. Hasil optimasi menunjukkan konfigurasi desain optimal dengan tebal plat 120 mm, diameter tulangan 10 mm, mutu beton 21 MPa, dan jarak tulangan 500 mm, menghasilkan biaya total Rp 3.207.451. Validasi kelayakan struktur membuktikan desain memenuhi persyaratan kekuatan lentur (KUAT) dan batas lendutan (LENDUTAN). Lima solusi terbaik GA menyajikan alternatif desain dengan rentang biaya Rp 3.207.451 hingga Rp 4.116.091. Dibandingkan dengan pendekatan konvensional, metode GA mampu menghasilkan penghematan biaya sebesar 3,0% terhadap desain dengan tebal 125 mm dan fc' 25 MPa, serta 3,2% terhadap desain dengan diameter tulangan 16 mm, tanpa mengorbankan keamanan struktur.

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