Literature Study: Problems of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) Curriculum in Schools and Madrasah

A. Sa’dud Darain; Saiful Hadi

doi:10.31004/riggs.v4i4.5004

Authors

A. Sa’dud Darain Universitas Islam Negeri Madura
Saiful Hadi Universitas Islam Negeri Madura

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31004/riggs.v4i4.5004

Keywords:

Curriculum, Madrasah, Problems, Islamic Religious Education

Abstract

This literature study aims to comprehensively map the problems of implementing the Islamic Religious Education (PAI) curriculum in public schools and madrasas in Indonesia. This research uses a literature review approach by examining various scientific articles, policy reports, and relevant previous research results. The results of the study indicate that the challenges of implementing the PAI curriculum can be classified into three main levels: policy or curriculum design, classroom implementation, and evaluation and assessment systems. The research findings reveal differences in the pattern of problems between public schools and madrasas. In public schools, PAI tends to be marginalized due to limited time allocation and its position within the Independent Curriculum, resulting in shallow learning and solely cognitive-oriented learning. Meanwhile, madrasas face the complex problem of curriculum dualism between the national curriculum and the religious curriculum, which has the potential to burden students and reduce the depth of understanding of the material. On the other hand, both educational institutions face relatively similar challenges in implementation and evaluation aspects, such as the dominance of lecture methods, limited teacher pedagogical competence, difficulties in measuring affective and spiritual aspects, and weak integration of Islamic values with the dynamics of the digital era and Society 5.0. This situation has hampered the effectiveness of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) in shaping the character, morals, and spirituality of students. Therefore, solutions are needed to develop a contextual, holistic, and systemic Islamic Religious Education (PAI) curriculum, taking into account the specific characteristics, needs, and challenges of each educational institution.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

M. A. Muis, A. Pratama, I. Sahara, I. Yuniarti, and S. A. Putri, “Peran Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam Pembentukan Karakter Bangsa di Era Globalisasi,” JIIP-Jurnal Ilm. Ilmu Pendidik., vol. 7, no. 7, pp. 7172–7177, 2024.

D. F. Satiadharmanto, A. Cempokowulan, A. Rahman, and N. Sodikin, “Membangun Karakter Anak di Era Digital: Peran Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam Perlindungan Hukum,” Maximal J. J. Ilm. Bid. Sos. Ekon. Budaya Dan Pendidik., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 97–108, 2024.

M. Salsabilla and N. A. Putri, “Peran pendidikan agama Islam dalam membentuk akhlak pada siswa sekolah dasar di era revolusi industri 4.0,” Al Qodiri J. Pendidikan, Sos. Dan Keagamaan, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 82–96, 2022.

N. Puspitasari and R. Yusuf, “Peran pendidikan agama Islam terhadap pembentukan karakter religius peserta didik,” Atta’dib J. Pendidik. Agama Islam, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 57–68, 2022.

M. Judrah, A. Arjum, H. Haeruddin, and M. Mustabsyirah, “Peran guru pendidikan agama Islam dalam membangun karakter peserta didik upaya penguatan moral,” J. Instr. Dev. Res., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 25–37, 2024.

Z. Zulkifli, A. Pahrudin, A. Jatmiko, and K. Koderi, “Konsep dan Teori Kurikulum PAI di Sekolah dan Madrasah,” J. Ilm. Glob. Educ., vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 1954–1969, 2024.

B. W. Wicaksono, “Peran Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam Membangun Karakter Mahasiswa di Era Milenial,” Tarbiyatu wa Ta’lim J. Pendidik. Agama Islam, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1–9, 2021.

M. A. Somad, “Pentingnya Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam membentuk karakter anak,” QALAMUNA J. Pendidikan, Sos. Dan Agama, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 171–186, 2021.

M. N. Jauhari, “Peran Pendidikan Agama Islam Dalam Membentuk Karakter Peserta Didik Yang Religius,” Paradigma, vol. 14, no. 1, 2022.

A. P. Abnisa and M. Ihsan, “Peran Pendidikan Agama Islam Terhadap Pembentukan Karakter Siswa SMP Paramarta Unggulan Ciputat Tangerang Selatan,” TARQIYATUNA J. Pendidik. Agama Islam Dan Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 88–93, 2023.

D. Irawan and A. D. Mutmainah, “Peran Pendidikan Agama Islam Dalam Membentuk Kepribadian Yang Mulia,” Symfonia J. Pendidik. Agama Islam, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 97–110, 2022.

M. Hidayah, “Pemberdayaan Guru sebagai Implementator Kurikulum PAI yang Efektif,” AL-MIKRAJ J. Stud. Islam dan Hum. (E-ISSN 2745-4584), vol. 4, no. 02, pp. 1423–1440, 2024.

A. A. P. J. Audi, T. Hamami, M. L. Gonibala, and F. M. F. Bonde, “Perkembangan dan Problematika Kurikulum Pendidikan Agama Islam di Indonesia,” Risâlah J. Pendidik. dan Stud. Islam, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 1648–1664, 2024.

M. R. Umam and T. Hamami, “Evaluasi Kurikulum Pendidikan Agama Islam Sekolah Dan Madrasah,” AT-TA’DIB J. Ilm. PRODI Pendidik. AGAMA Islam, pp. 1–16, 2023.

C. Mulyana and A. F. Z. Ramdani, “Analisis Problematika Penerapan Kurikulum Merdeka Pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Di Sman 12 Bandung. Al-Hasanah: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam.” 2023.

M. Yusri, A. Akbar, and A. Basri, “Problematika pendidikan agama Islam di era modern,” Al-Ubudiyah J. Pendidik. dan Stud. Islam, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 83–91, 2024.

N. Rahma, Y. Amrozi, N. D. F. Salsabila, and M. H. M. G, “REVIEW OF LITERATURE REVIEW OF DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM MODELING IN MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES,” J. SimanteC, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 185–190, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.21107/simantec.v11i2.9725.

E. Saputra, Paradoks Politik di Negeri Syariat: Sebuah Refleksi dalam Perspektif Studi Islam-Jejak Pustaka. Jejak Pustaka.

U. Ridlo, Metode Penelitian Studi Kasus: Teori dan Praktik. 2023. [Online]. Available: https://notes.its.ac.id/tonydwisusanto/2020/08/30/metode-penelitian-studi-kasus-case-study/

A. A. Fitrianti, A. A. Romadhan, and Salahudin, “Perencanaan Pembangunan Infrastruktur Perdesaan : Kajian Pustaka Terstruktur,” J. Reg. Rural Dev. Plan. (Jurnal Perenc. Pembang. Wil. dan Perdesaan), vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 47–64, 2022, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jp2wd.2022.6.1.47-64.

Z. E. Pramesti, A. Rohali, and R. P. Nasmu, “Analysis of the Development of the PAI Curriculum for Grade IV Elementary School from K13 to Independent Curriculum,” J. Multidisiplin Indones., vol. 3, no. 8, pp. 4266–4274, 2024.

D. Y. Putri, “Application Of Current Learning Theories In Pai Curriculum Development,” in Proceeding of International Conference on Islamic and Interdisciplinary Studies, 2024, pp. 6–10.

A. D. P. JUNI and Q. KHOIRI, “Curriculum Review of PAI Doctoral Program in PTKIN with Literacy Content,” Int. J. Res., vol. 8, pp. 2823–2831, 2024.

F. Al-Banjari, W. Wahab, and N. Mujahidah, “-The Contempory Islamic Religious Education (PAI) Curriculum: Synergy Between Religious Values And Technology,” MSJ Major. Sci. J., vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 212–218, 2025.

A. Abdullah et al., “Qualitative Study: Comparison of Implementation of The Effectiveness of the Ethno-Religious-Based SAVI Model in Improving Problem-Solving Skills in PAI Learning,” J. Obs. J. Pendidik. Anak Usia Dini, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 1245–1256, 2024.

D. Fadhilah, E. Sumarna, and M. R. F. Islamy, “The Problems of PAI Learning in the Era of Society 5.0 in Shaping Student Morality in Indonesia,” Bull. Sci. Educ., vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 178–191, 2024.

U. NUHA, S. MAULIDIN, and D. H. AZIZAH, “IMPLEMENTASI PENGUATAN KARAKTER PROFIL PELAJAR PANCASILA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN PAI: STUDI DI SMK N 1 TULANG BAWANG,” Vocat. J. Inov. Pendidik. Kejuru., vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 192–203, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.51878/vocational.v4i4.4267.

M. T. Tahir, “IMPELEMENTASI KURIKULUM MARDEKA PADA MATA PELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DALAM MENINGKATKAN KARAKTER SISWA,” EDUPEDIKA J. Stud. Pendidik. dan Pembelajaran, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 24–33, 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.60004/edupedika.v4i1.148.

A. Marti, A. K. Nuzuli, and A. Firtanosa, “Peran Video Dakwah di Youtube dalam Meningkatkan Kesadaran Keagamaan pada Remaja di Era Digital,” CALATHU J. Ilmu Komun., vol. 5, no. September 2022, pp. 102–118, 2023.

I. N. B. Sari, A. Pahrudin, A. Jatmiko, and Koderi, “Desain Kurikulum PAI Berbasis Karakter: Integrasi Pengetahuan, Etika, dan Spiritualitas,” J. Educ. Res., vol. 0738, no. 4, pp. 6597–6604, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.37985/jer.v5i4.1962.

B. Nurakhim, “Transformasi Pembelajaran dan Kursus Intensif Bahasa Indonesia bagi Penutur Asing dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Hasil,” J. Pendidik. dan Pengemb. Sumber Daya Pertahanan, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 11–21, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.63210/jp3.v1i1.9.

F. Syafirna, A. D. Zahrani, M. Fathu, N. Rohma, and Z. Aang, “Pemanfaatan Media Sosial dalam Pembelajaran Agama Islam di Sekolah Menengah : Implikasi dan Strategi Pengembangan Pembelajaran,” Attaqwa J. Ilmu Pendidik. Islam, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 97–111, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.54069/attaqwa.v20i2.732.

M. Tohet, I. Mukarromah, and M. Mahbubi, “ANALISIS KEBERHASILAN KURIKULUM MERDEKA DENGAN TUNTUTAN PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER PADA PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM,” J. Manaj. Pendidik. dan Keislam., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 208–217, 2024, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.30821/benchmarking.v8i2.24287.

Zuairiyah, R. I. Tsaniyah, N. Hidayah, I. A. Saputri, M. L. Sahara, and S. Achmad, “Rekonstruksi Kurikulum Pendidikan Islam Adaptif : Integrasi Tauhid, Teknologi dan Sains untuk Mewujudkan Generasi Qur’ ani Modern,” J. Instr. Dev. Res., vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 370–383, 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.53621/jider.v5i4.554 ABSTRAK.

L. Leny, “Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar pada Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Pusat Keunggulan,” Pros. Semin. Nas. Fak. Tarb. dan Ilmu Kegur., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 38–49, 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.47435/sentikjar.v1i0.829.

J. Ilmiah, P. Madrasah, and I. Vol, “PROBLEMATIKA EVALUASI KURIKULUM PAI DI MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH,” Al-Madrasah J. Ilm. Pendidik. Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Vol., vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 1194–1204, 2024, doi: 10.35931/am.v8i3.3750.

E. Sumardianto, T. Makhshun, and A. Muchtar, “PERAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM TERHADAP BUDAYA VIRAL DAN KRISIS MORAL KALANGAN PEMUDA DI ERA DIGITAL,” IMTIYAZ J. Ilmu Keislam., vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 891–913, 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.46773/imtiyaz.v9i4.2834.

Jumadi, “ANALISIS PENDIDIKAN ISLAM TERHADAP KURIKULUM INTEGRATIF DI PESANTREN MODERN,” JUMI J. Manaj. Islam, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–20, 2024.

R. Darmawan, “Hakikat Filsafat Pendidikan Karakter Dalam Membentuk Kepribadian Muslim dan Relevansinya Dengan Pendidikan Islam Kontemporer,” J. JENDELA Pendidik., vol. 4, no. 01, pp. 18–28, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.57008/jjp.v4i01.653.

S. Jamil and E. Dewi, “Rekonstruksi Integrasi Agama dan Sains dalam Perspektif Syed Muhammad Naquib al- Attas serta Relevansinya bagi Pengembangan Pendidikan Agama Islam di Era Modern,” Zawiyah J. Pemikir. Islam, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 1–17, 2025, doi: 10.31332/zawiyah.v11i2.13172.