Dinamika Penciptaan dan Hilangnya Lapangan Kerja dalam Transisi Menuju Energi Terbarukan

Grahita Salsabila; Muhammad Sabandi

doi:10.31004/riggs.v4i4.4601

Authors

Grahita Salsabila Universitas Sebelas Maret
Muhammad Sabandi Universitas Sebelas Maret

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31004/riggs.v4i4.4601

Keywords:

Green Jobs, Pasar Tenaga Kerja, Transisi Energi, Energi Terbarukan, Just Transition

Abstract

Transisi energi menuju sistem rendah karbon membawa implikasi signifikan terhadap pasar tenaga kerja. Perubahan struktur ekonomi dari energi fosil menuju energi terbarukan menciptakan dinamika baru dalam penciptaan dan hilangnya lapangan kerja di berbagai sektor. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan pendekatan PRISMA terhadap 16 artikel internasional yang relevan, untuk menganalisis empat aspek utama: (1) dinamika transisi energi dan dampaknya terhadap pasar tenaga kerja, (2) peluang penciptaan lapangan kerja di sektor energi terbarukan, (3) tantangan dan implikasi sosial-ekonomi dari hilangnya pekerjaan di sektor fosil, dan (4) implikasi transisi energi untuk pasar tenaga kerja di Indonesia. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa transisi energi berpotensi menciptakan lebih banyak lapangan kerja dibandingkan jumlah pekerjaan yang hilang, terutama pada sektor energi surya dan angin. Namun, ketimpangan keterampilan, distribusi wilayah, dan kesiapan kelembagaan menjadi faktor kunci yang menentukan keberhasilan transisi yang adil (just transition). Studi internasional menegaskan bahwa tanpa kebijakan pelatihan ulang, dukungan finansial, dan perencanaan tenaga kerja yang inklusif, risiko pengangguran dan kesenjangan sosial akan meningkat. Dalam konteks Indonesia, transisi menuju energi terbarukan seperti tenaga surya diperkirakan membuka peluang kerja baru serta meningkatkan distribusi pendapatan, meskipun tetap memerlukan investasi besar dan strategi peralihan bertahap dari sektor batu bara. Temuan ini menekankan pentingnya perumusan kebijakan transisi energi yang berkeadilan dan berorientasi pada pembangunan ekonomi berkelanjutan.

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