Dampak Kebijakan Lumbung Pangan Nasional terhadap Ketahanan Pangan Lokal: Perspektif Masyarakat Adat Merauke

Robertus Pecamuya

doi:10.31004/riggs.v4i1.374

Authors

Robertus Pecamuya Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Plotik Yaleka Maro Merauke

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31004/riggs.v4i1.374

Keywords:

Kebijakan pangan, Masyarakat adat, Ketahanan pangan lokal, Food estate, Partisipasi komunitas

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dampak kebijakan Lumbung Pangan Nasional (food estate) terhadap ketahanan pangan lokal dari perspektif masyarakat adat di Kabupaten Merauke, Papua Selatan. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dan desain studi kasus, penelitian ini menggali pengalaman komunitas adat Marind di wilayah Wasur, Sota, dan pesisir selatan Merauke yang terdampak langsung oleh proyek tersebut. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipatif, dan studi dokumen, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis tematik berbasis coding kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan food estate telah menyebabkan gangguan signifikan terhadap sistem pangan lokal, termasuk hilangnya akses terhadap sumber pangan tradisional seperti ikan rawa, rusa, dan sagu. Selain itu, terjadi marginalisasi nilai-nilai pertanian adat serta ketimpangan distribusi sumber daya dan hasil produksi, di mana kelompok masyarakat adat kurang mendapat akses dibandingkan mitra binaan pemerintah. Mayoritas partisipan menyatakan tidak pernah dilibatkan dalam proses perencanaan atau pelaksanaan kebijakan, sehingga memunculkan persepsi negatif terhadap negara. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa pendekatan kebijakan yang bersifat top-down berisiko mengabaikan aspek sosial, budaya, dan ekologis lokal, serta memperparah kerentanan pangan masyarakat adat. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah perlunya pergeseran paradigma kebijakan pangan nasional menuju model yang lebih partisipatif, kontekstual, dan berkeadilan, dengan melibatkan masyarakat adat sebagai aktor utama dalam proses perencanaan dan pelaksanaan kebijakan. Penelitian ini juga merekomendasikan studi lanjutan yang bersifat komparatif dan interdisipliner.

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