Di Peran Transportasi dalam Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dan Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja

Sugeng Riyadi; Hapsari Widayani; Vinandri Hapsari; Sri Lestari

doi:10.31004/riggs.v5i2.12120

Authors

Sugeng Riyadi Universitas Indraprasta PGRI
Hapsari Widayani Universitas Indraprasta PGRI
Vinandri Hapsari Universitas Indraprasta PGRI
Sri Lestari Universitas Insan Pembangunan Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31004/riggs.v5i2.12120

Keywords:

Sektor Transportasi, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja, Regresi Data Panel, Pembangunan Regional

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh sektor transportasi terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi dan penyerapan tenaga kerja di Provinsi Banten, DKI Jakarta, Jawa Barat, dan Jawa Tengah selama periode 2020–2023. Sektor transportasi memiliki peran strategis dalam mendukung mobilitas orang dan barang, memperlancar distribusi logistik, serta meningkatkan keterhubungan antarwilayah yang pada akhirnya berkontribusi terhadap pembangunan ekonomi regional. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan analisis regresi data panel yang diolah menggunakan EViews 13. Sektor transportasi direpresentasikan oleh jumlah kendaraan bermotor darat, arus barang laut, volume barang yang diangkut melalui laut, jumlah pesawat udara, dan jumlah penumpang pesawat udara. Pertumbuhan ekonomi dan penyerapan tenaga kerja digunakan sebagai variabel hasil untuk mengukur dampak aktivitas transportasi terhadap pembangunan ekonomi daerah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa arus barang laut dan jumlah penumpang pesawat udara berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Sebaliknya, jumlah pesawat udara berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan, sedangkan kendaraan bermotor darat dan volume barang laut tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Selain itu, pertumbuhan ekonomi terbukti berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja, yang menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan aktivitas ekonomi mampu menciptakan kesempatan kerja yang lebih luas. Temuan tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa kontribusi sektor transportasi terhadap pembangunan regional tidak hanya ditentukan oleh besarnya aktivitas transportasi, tetapi juga oleh efisiensi operasional, tingkat pemanfaatan infrastruktur, kualitas layanan, serta keterintegrasiannya dengan sektor-sektor ekonomi produktif. Oleh karena itu, penguatan logistik maritim, optimalisasi layanan transportasi udara, peningkatan konektivitas antarmoda, serta pengembangan infrastruktur transportasi yang berkelanjutan diperlukan untuk mendukung pertumbuhan ekonomi regional dan penciptaan lapangan kerja pada keempat provinsi yang diteliti.

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