Analisis Percepatan Durasi Pekerjaan Arsitektur Menggunakan Critical Path Method (CPM)

Ayubi Nugro Parikesit; Muhammad Faizal Ardhiansyah Arifin

doi:10.31004/riggs.v5i2.11760

Authors

Ayubi Nugro Parikesit Universitas Negeri Semarang
Muhammad Faizal Ardhiansyah Arifin Universitas Negeri Semarang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31004/riggs.v5i2.11760

Keywords:

Critical Path Method (CPM), Percepatan, Tenaga Kerja, Penjadwalan Proyek, Pekerjaan Arsitektur

Abstract

Keterlambatan proyek konstruksi merupakan tantangan klasik yang sering kali memicu pembengkakan biaya dan tertundanya fungsi pelayanan publik, terutama pada fasilitas kesehatan seperti rumah sakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan penjadwalan dan biaya pada pekerjaan arsitektur di Proyek Pembangunan Gedung Pelayanan VIP RSUD Prof. DR. Margono Purwokerto, sebuah struktur bangunan vertikal 7 lantai dan lantai atap. Pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif digunakan dengan menerapkan metode Critical Path Method (CPM) untuk mengidentifikasi aktivitas pada lintasan kritis, serta mensimulasikan percepatan durasi melalui strategi labor crashing (penambahan tenaga kerja). Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, observasi lapangan, serta analisis dokumen teknis seperti Bill of Quantities (BoQ), Master Schedule, dan Kurva S. Standardisasi harga dan upah mengacu pada AHSP Permen PUPR No. 1 Tahun 2022, No. 8 Tahun 2023, dan Keputusan Bupati Banyumas No. 233 Tahun 2026. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam kondisi eksisting (normal), total durasi penyelesaian pekerjaan arsitektural adalah 189 hari (28 minggu) dengan penyerapan tenaga kerja kumulatif sebesar 3.203,18 orang dan total anggaran upah Rp5.918.127.107,88. Melalui intervensi labor crashing pada lintasan kritis, total durasi proyek berhasil dipangkas secara signifikan menjadi 160 hari, menghasilkan efisiensi waktu sebesar 15% (lebih cepat 29 hari) dengan konsekuensi peningkatan kepadatan tenaga kerja kumulatif sebesar 3% menjadi 3.313,60 orang. Menariknya, total biaya upah tenaga kerja pasca-percepatan tidak mengalami perubahan (konstan) dari anggaran semula. Penemuan ini membuktikan secara empiris bahwa pemodelan percepatan berada pada jalur koridor optimum proyek, di mana reduksi waktu yang substansial dapat dicapai tanpa memicu pembengkakan biaya.

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