Analisis Perbandingan Kinerja WireGuard dan OpenVPN pada VPN Site-to-Site Server Debian
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/riggs.v5i2.11029Keywords:
WireGuard, OpenVPN, VPN Site-to-Site, Kinerja, Server, DebianAbstract
Virtual Private Network (VPN) site-to-site banyak digunakan untuk menghubungkan dua jaringan lokal yang terpisah secara geografis melalui jaringan publik secara aman. Perbedaan arsitektur antara OpenVPN, yang berjalan di ruang pengguna (user space), dan WireGuard, yang berjalan di dalam kernel, diperkirakan menghasilkan perbedaan kinerja yang signifikan namun belum dievaluasi secara kuantitatif pada server Debian. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan kinerja WireGuard dan OpenVPN pada VPN site-to-site yang diterapkan di server berbasis Debian. Eksperimen dilakukan pada lingkungan tervirtualisasi menggunakan Oracle VirtualBox dengan dua gateway yang membentuk terowongan, dan lima parameter diukur menggunakan iperf3, ping, dan mpstat: throughput, latency, jitter, packet loss, dan utilisasi CPU. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa WireGuard secara signifikan mengungguli OpenVPN, dengan throughput TCP sebesar 94 Mbit/s dibanding 27,5 Mbit/s (sekitar 3,4 kali lebih tinggi), latency rata-rata yang lebih rendah (1,493 ms berbanding 1,659 ms), serta packet loss 0% berbanding 71% pada beban UDP 100 Mbit/s, dengan utilisasi CPU yang setara sekitar 100%. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa arsitektur WireGuard yang berbasis kernel memberikan efisiensi dan kapasitas tunnel yang lebih tinggi dibanding OpenVPN yang berbasis ruang pengguna, sehingga dapat menjadi acuan praktis dalam pemilihan protokol VPN site-to-site yang mengutamakan throughput tinggi dan efisiensi sumber daya.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Yoel Simbolon, Devi Sari Delima Tumanggor, Efrans Surbakti, Lotar Mateus Sinaga
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