Perencanaan Instalasi VHF Transceiver di Pelabuhan Penyeberangan Ulee Lheue untuk Keselamatan Pelayaran

Theresia Br Siagian; Egriansyah Egriansyah; Fikron Ulya; R.Caesario Boing

doi:10.31004/riggs.v5i2.10410

Authors

Theresia Br Siagian Politeknik Transportasi Darat Indonesia-STTD
Egriansyah Egriansyah Politeknik Transportasi Darat Indonesia-STTD
Fikron Ulya Politeknik Transportasi Darat Indonesia-STTD
R.Caesario Boing Politeknik Transportasi Darat Indonesia-STTD

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31004/riggs.v5i2.10410

Keywords:

VHF Transceiver, Keselamatan Pelayaran, Base Station, Link Budget, Ulee Lheue – Balohan

Abstract

Keterbatasan sistem komunikasi radio di lintasan penyeberangan Ulee Lheue–Balohan telah menimbulkan dampak nyata terhadap keselamatan jiwa. Keterbatasan sistem komunikasi radio di lintasan penyeberangan Ulee Lheue–Balohan mengindikasikan adanya kelemahan dalam koordinasi darurat, sebagaimana tercermin dalam tiga insiden penyelamatan pada periode 2023–2025. KMP Aceh Hebat 2 dan KMP BRR masih mengandalkan perangkat VHF handheld berdaya 5–6 watt tanpa base station darat, sehingga jangkauan efektif komunikasi hanya mencapai 3,1 mil laut dari total 16 mil laut lintasan. Guna merumuskan solusi teknis yang sesuai regulasi, diterapkan pendekatan mixed methods melalui Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) berbasis kuesioner skala Likert 1–5 kepada 15 responden ahli, serta kalkulasi teknis meliputi radio horizon dan link budget. Hasil IPA mengidentifikasi tiga atribut prioritas utama: jangkauan VHF tanpa dead zone (gap −1,60), ketersediaan base station permanen (gap −1,33), dan integrasi dengan Basarnas/SAR/VTS (gap −1,53). Perhitungan teknis menunjukkan bahwa pemasangan base station 25 watt pada ketinggian antena 20 meter meningkatkan jangkauan menjadi 18,6 mil laut dengan link margin +51,20 dB, melampaui kebutuhan operasional. Perencanaan teknis mencakup instalasi VHF base station serta ruang operasional 2×3 meter mengacu pada standar IALA No. 1117, IMO GMDSS, dan Permenhub Nomor 4 Tahun 2023. Implementasi rancangan ini diproyeksikan menutup dead zone komunikasi sepanjang 12,9 mil laut dan memastikan respons darurat terstruktur dengan waktu respons awal maksimal 3 menit.

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