Otonomi, Solidaritas, dan Strategi Ekonomi: Praktik Kerja Pemulung TPA Tamangapa, Makassar

Maulana Ishak; Muh. Iqbal Latief; M. Ramli AT

doi:10.31004/riggs.v5i2.10168

Authors

Maulana Ishak Universitas Hasanuddin
Muh. Iqbal Latief Universitas Hasanuddin
M. Ramli AT Universitas Hasanuddin

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31004/riggs.v5i2.10168

Keywords:

Pemulung, Praktik Kerja, Otonomi, Solidaritas, Ekonomi Informal, TPA Tamangapa

Abstract

Pemulung merupakan aktor penting dalam sistem daur ulang perkotaan, namun praktik kerja mereka masih sering dipahami hanya dari perspektif kerentanan ekonomi dan sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis bagaimana otonomi, solidaritas, dan strategi ekonomi membentuk praktik kerja pemulung di TPA Tamangapa, Makassar. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan strategi studi kasus instrumental. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam terhadap tujuh informan, observasi partisipan, dan dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis secara tematik menggunakan perangkat lunak ATLAS.ti versi 25. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemulung memiliki otonomi dalam menentukan waktu dan lokasi kerja tanpa intervensi formal, serta membangun solidaritas melalui bantuan fisik, berbagi informasi, berbagi sumber daya, dan pemanfaatan gubuk sebagai ruang kolektif. Pengetahuan mengenai jenis, nilai, dan rantai pasok material daur ulang menjadi dasar penyusunan strategi jual-simpan dalam menghadapi fluktuasi harga. Sistem panjar dan nota berfungsi sebagai mekanisme perlindungan ekonomi ketika kebutuhan mendesak muncul, namun pada saat yang sama menciptakan ketergantungan terhadap pengepul. Diversifikasi nafkah juga dilakukan sebagai strategi bertahan ketika pendapatan dari memulung tidak mencukupi. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa praktik kerja pemulung tidak hanya didasarkan pada rasionalitas ekonomi, tetapi juga pada relasi sosial, produksi ruang, dan ekonomi moral. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa otonomi dan solidaritas menjadi sumber ketahanan pemulung, meskipun tetap dibatasi oleh ketergantungan struktural dalam rantai ekonomi informal.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

1. Akponah, P.O., 2018. The Social Life of Rubbish: An Ethnography in Lagos, Nigeria (thesis). University of Leicester.

2. Amin, C., Umrotun, Fikriyah, V.N., Samson, M.G.M., 2026. Livelihood vulnerability of urban waste pickers in Indonesia: Insights for inclusive circular economy transitions. World Dev. Sustain. 8, 100268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wds.2026.100268

3. Angriani, B.N., Abdullah, S., Muhammad, R., 2024. Living Strategy of Waste Picker Community in Makassar City. Rev. Gest. Soc. E Ambient. - RGSA 18, e05210–e05210. https://doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n6-028

4. Angriani, B.N., Abdullah, S., Muhammad, R., 2023. Modal Sosial dan Nafkah Berkelanjutan Komunitas Pemulung: Studi Kasus Kota Makassar. J. Humanity Soc. Justice 124–139. https://doi.org/10.38026/jhsj.v5i2.25

5. Bayat, A., 2009. Life as Politics: How Ordinary People Change the Middle East. Stanford University Press, Stanford, Calif.

6. Berrou, J.-P., Gondard-Delcroix, C., 2018. Dynamics of social networks of urban informal entrepreneurs in an African economy. Rev. Soc. Econ. 76, 167–197. https://doi.org/10.1080/00346764.2017.1349330

7. Burawoy, M., 2010. From Polanyi to Pollyanna: The False Optimism of Global Labor Studies. Glob. Labour J. 1. https://doi.org/10.15173/glj.v1i2.1079

8. Campos, M.J.Z., Zapata, P., Pe´rez Reynosa, J., 2023. (Re)gaining the urban commons: everyday, collective, and identity resistance. Urban Geogr. 44, 1259–1284. https://doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2022.2090117

9. Colombijn, F., 2020. Secrecy at the End of the Recycling Chain: The Recycling of Plastic Waste in Surabaya, Indonesia. Worldw. Waste 3, 2–2. https://doi.org/10.5334/wwwj.43

10. Cook, E., Ionkova, K., Bhada-Tata, P., Yadav, S., van Woerden, F., 2026. What a Waste: Global Snapshot of Solid Waste Management toward Circularity until 2050. World Bank.

11. Creswell, J.W., 2023. Penelitian Kualitatif & Desai Riset: Memilih di antara Lima Pendekatan, 3rd ed. Pustaka Pelajar, Yogyakarta.

12. Dias, S.M., 2016. Waste pickers and cities. Environ. Urban. 28, 375–390. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956247816657302

13. Ellis, F., 1998. Household strategies and rural livelihood diversification. J. Dev. Stud. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220389808422553

14. Fort, L., 2026. From Seaweed to Plastic: Gleaning and the moral economy of waste in Indonesia. Indones. Malay World 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/13639811.2026.2635872

15. Gall, M., Wiener, M., Chagas de Oliveira, C., Lang, R.W., Et., A., 2020. Building a circular plastics economy with informal waste pickers: Recyclate quality, business model, and societal impacts. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.104685

16. Gill, K., 2007. Interlinked contracts and social power: Patronage and exploitation in India’s waste recovery market. J. Dev. Stud. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220380701611519

17. Kain, J.-H., Zapata, P., Azevedo, A.M.M. de, Carenzo, S., Charles, G., Gutberlet, J., Oloko, M., Reynosa, J.P., Campos, M.J.Z., 2022. Characteristics, challenges and innovations of waste picker organizations: A comparative perspective between Latin American and East African countries. PLOS ONE 17, e0265889. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265889

18. Kasinja, C., Tilley, E., 2018. Formalization of Informal Waste Pickers’ Cooperatives in Blantyre, Malawi: A Feasibility Assessment. Sustainability https://doi.org/DOI:%2010.3390/su10041149

19. Kvale, S., Brinkmann, S., 2009. InterViews: Learning the Craft of Qualitative Research Interviewing. SAGE.

20. Lata, L., 2022. The production of counter-space: Informal labour, social networks and the production of urban space in Dhaka. Curr. Sociol. 71 001139212210780.https://doi.org/10.1177/00113921221078049

21. Lefebvre, H., 1991. The production of space, Reprinted. ed. Blackwell, Oxford. Lincoln, Y.S., Guba, E.G., 1985. Naturalistic Inquiry. SAGE.

22. Polanyi, K., 2001. The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time. Beacon Press.

23. Rosaldo, M., 2024. Top-Down and Bottom-Up Formalization: Waste Pickers’ Struggles for Labor Rights in Sa˜o Paulo and Bogota´. ILR Rev. 77, 32–61.https://doi.org/10.1177/00197939231205515

24. Rusni, N.K., 2024. Permasalahan sampah kota Makassar studi kasus TPA Tamangapa. Waste Handl. Environ. Monit. 1. https://doi.org/10.61511/whem.v1i1.2024.511

25. Samson, M., 2010. Reclaiming Reusable and Recyclable Materials in Africa. Women Informal Employ. Glob. Organ. WIEGO.

26. Sasaki, S., Choi, Y., Watanabe, K., 2022. Economic status of waste pickers in Bantar Gebang compared to other workers in Indonesia. Habitat Int. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2021.102501

27. Scott, J.H., 1976. A Theory of Optimal Capital Structure. Bell J. Econ. 7, https://doi.org/10.2307/3003189

28. Stake, R.E., 1995. The Art of Case Study Research. SAGE.

29. Thompson, E.P., 1971. THE MORAL ECONOMY OF THE ENGLISH CROWD IN THE

30. EIGHTEENTH CENTURY. Past Present 50, 76–136. https://doi.org/10.1093/past/50.1.76

31. Trisyanti, D., Wengi, K.R.L., Rachmawati, R.L., Akib, R., 2022. ADVANCING THE POTENTIAL OF PET AND PP-BASED BEVERAGE PACKAGING TO SUPPORT CIRCULAR ECONOMY. J.

32. Environ. Sci. Sustain. Dev. 5, 378–403. https://doi.org/10.7454/jessd.v5i2.1154

33. Wittmer, J., 2021. “We live and we do this work”: Women waste pickers’ experiences of wellbeing in Ahmedabad, India. World Dev. 140, 105253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105253

34. Xheneti, M., Madden, A., 2025. Women’s entrepreneurship in the informal economy: A socio-spatial perspective. Hum. Relat. 78, 1123–1162. https://doi.org/10.1177/00187267241288661