Peran Mikroplastik Sebagai Hotspot Biofilm Dan Reservoir Gen Resistensi Antibiotik Pada Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah: Tinjauan Literatur

Cicik Sudaryantiningsih; Yonathan Suryo Pambudi

doi:10.69693/ijmst.v4i2.9445

Authors

Cicik Sudaryantiningsih Universitas Kristen Teknologi Solo
Yonathan Suryo Pambudi Universitas Kristen Teknologi Solo

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.69693/ijmst.v4i2.9445

Keywords:

Mikroplastik, Plastisphere, Biofilm, Gen Resistensi Antibiotik, IPAL

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis peran mikroplastik sebagai hotspot biofilm dan reservoir gen resistensi antibiotik pada instalasi pengolahan air limbah atau IPAL. Fokus kajian diarahkan pada mekanisme pembentukan biofilm, faktor yang memengaruhi kemampuan mikroplastik membawa antibiotic-resistant bacteria, antibiotic resistance genes, patogen, dan mobile genetic elements, serta implikasinya terhadap pengendalian resistensi antibiotik dari perspektif teknik lingkungan.

Metode penelitian menggunakan literature review berbasis 37 artikel jurnal internasional bereputasi terindeks Scopus Quartile 1. Data dianalisis melalui sintesis tematik dengan mengelompokkan temuan berdasarkan tiga fokus utama, yaitu mekanisme plastisphere, faktor material dan lingkungan, serta strategi pengendalian risiko pada IPAL. Unit analisis meliputi jenis mikroplastik, proses biofilm, ARG, ARB, MGE, patogen, unit pengolahan, dan pendekatan mitigasi.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mikroplastik dapat menjadi substrat aktif bagi pembentukan plastisphere melalui adhesi mikroba, eco-corona, produksi extracellular polymeric substances, dan horizontal gene transfer. Kemampuan mikroplastik sebagai reservoir ARG dipengaruhi oleh jenis polimer, ukuran, bentuk, aging, kekasaran permukaan, hidrofobisitas, antibiotik, logam berat, disinfektan, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), TP, salinitas, dan waktu paparan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pengendalian IPAL perlu diperluas dari parameter konvensional menuju pemantauan mikroplastik berbiofilm, ARG, ARB, MGE, dan patogen melalui pendekatan multi-barrier.

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