Pemanfaatan Expert System dalam Mendukung Proses Pembelajaran pada Engineering Education: A Systematic Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69693/ijmst.v4i3.14388Keywords:
Expert System, Engineering Education, Pendidikan Kejuruan, Systematic Literature Review, Evaluasi PembelajaranAbstract
Sistem pakar dapat menghubungkan pengetahuan ahli dengan keputusan pembelajaran, tetapi manfaat pendidikannya perlu dibedakan dari keberfungsian teknis dan kepuasan pengguna. Systematic literature review kami ini bertujuan menelaah fungsi, bukti evaluasi, dan kebutuhan penerapan sistem pakar pada perguruan tinggi teknik serta sekolah menengah kejuruan bidang teknik melalui strategi penelusuran terbatas yang didokumentasikan secara eksplisit. Empat kueri Crossref menghasilkan 200 rekaman publikasi dalam rentang 2022–2026 dan dilengkapi 37 rujukan yang telah diidentifikasi sebelumnya, sehingga setelah penghapusan 14 duplikat terdapat 223 rekaman yang disaring, 12 laporan yang dicari, sembilan teks lengkap yang dinilai, dan lima studi yang memenuhi kriteria. Studi terpilih membahas diagnosis jaringan komputer, perancangan instalasi listrik, penilaian praktikum, rekomendasi kompetensi teknik sipil, dan pembelajaran rangkaian arus searah, dengan bukti berupa validasi ahli, hubungan skor, persepsi belajar, serta evaluasi sebelum–sesudah pada satu kelompok. Sintesis menunjukkan bahwa representasi pengetahuan dan kesesuaian konteks dapat mendukung rekomendasi yang dapat diperiksa, tetapi perbedaan ukuran hasil, keterbatasan pembandingan, dan dominasi penelitian pengembangan belum mendukung estimasi efektivitas gabungan maupun kesimpulan kausal tentang peningkatan belajar. Sistem pakar lebih tepat diposisikan sebagai pendukung terbatas di bawah pengawasan pendidik, sementara penelitian berikutnya perlu mendokumentasikan perolehan pengetahuan, menguji konsistensi keputusan, serta mengukur transfer dan retensi dengan memperhatikan keterbatasan cakupan pencarian, akses teks lengkap, dan tidak adanya penyaringan independen oleh dua penelaah.
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