Structural Capacity Assessment of Cremona Steel Bracing and Connections for Coastal Embankment Strengthening: A Case Study of Muara Baru, Jakarta

Kusuma Indrasursya; Kohar Yudoprasetyo; Yerry Kahaditu Firmansyah

doi:10.69693/ijmst.v4i3.13783

Authors

Kusuma Indrasursya Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Kohar Yudoprasetyo Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Yerry Kahaditu Firmansyah Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.69693/ijmst.v4i3.13783

Keywords:

Cremona Bracing, Steel Connection, Coastal Embankment, SAP2000, Structural Strengthening

Abstract

Damage to the coastal protection embankment at Muara Baru required a strengthening system capable of controlling wall response while providing a structural load path that could be verified at both member and connection levels. This case study evaluates the capacity of a Cremona-type steel bracing system and its connections using data from an actual rehabilitation project. A global SAP2000 model was developed using structural loads transferred from PLAXIS 2D geotechnical analysis. Piles and tiebacks were represented by frame elements, the pilecap by shell elements, and soil-structure interaction by soil springs. Steel-member adequacy was assessed using a demand-to-capacity ratio limit of 1.0. Local connection checks were subsequently performed using finite-element analysis in IDEA StatiCa for two critical details: the WF 200×200-to-pilecap connection and the WF 200×200 Cremona bracing connection. The global model indicated that all steel members remained below the specified unity ratio. For the 1200-mm-diameter spun pile, the maximum axial utilization ratio was 0.211, whereas the maximum bending utilization ratio reached 0.933 based on the project capacity-check table. Both local steel connection details satisfied the reported acceptance criteria. The principal connection configuration comprised ASTM A572 Grade 50 plates, ASTM A325 bolts, ASTM A307 anchors, and 16-mm gusset and base plates. The results show that a staged assessment from global structural response to local connection verification provides a practical means of checking force-transfer continuity in pile-supported coastal embankment strengthening and highlights bending demand as the more critical response for the spun-pile wall.

References

1. Darmawan, M. S., Yudoprasetyo, K., Refani, A. N., Rosyidi, M. F., & Irwansyah. (2026). Case study of the effect of soil structure interaction on marine jetty performance subjected to corrosion. International Journal of GEOMATE, 30(141), 40–55. https://doi.org/10.21660/2026.141.5385

2. Fadhillah, M. B. A., Anggoro, R., & Priyatno, A. M. (2020). Analisis Performa Link Stability dari Faktor Kecepatan untuk Dinamisasi Zona pada Zone Routing Protocol. Jurnal Rekayasa Elektrika, 16(3). https://doi.org/10.17529/jre.v16i3.16502

3. Irmawan, M., Yudoprasetyo, K., Refani, A. N., Indrasurya, K., & Parwita, D. N. P. A. (2024). The evaluation of pipeline protection influenced by causeway embankment using the finite element method (FEM). Applied Sciences, 14(11), 4382. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14114382

4. Irwansyah, Darmawan, M. S., Husin, N. A., & Yudoprasetyo, K. (2026). Performance based structural analysis of a bulk carrier pier using soil structure interaction modeling. Jurnal Kolaborasi Sains Dan Ilmu Terapan, 5(1.1), 72–81.

5. Jiang, S., & Billah, A. H. M. M. (2025). Finite element simulation and parametric study of exposed column base plate connections under axial compression and bi-directional lateral loading. Journal of Building Engineering, 111, 113188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113188

6. Khani, R., D’Aniello, M., Tartaglia, R., & Hosseinzadeh, Y. (2025). Parametric finite element simulations of different configurations of partial-strength exposed column base plate connections. Buildings, 15(13), 2255. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15132255

7. Morido-García, G., & De Santos-Berbel, C. (2024). Structural performance of bolted lateral connections in steel beams under bending using the component-based finite element method. Applied Sciences, 14(9), 3900. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14093900

8. Nawar, M. T., Matar, E., El-Zohairy, A., Alaaser, A., & Maaly, H. (2024). Experimental and FE analysis of the behavior of steel column base connections under tension and bending moment. Structures, 62, 106164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2024.106164

9. Prasetya, M. R. A., & Priyatno, A. M. (2022). Dice Similarity and TF-IDF for New Student Admissions Chatbot. RIGGS: Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Business, 1(1), 13–18. https://doi.org/10.31004/riggs.v1i1.5

10. Priyatno, A. M. (2019). The Application of HAAR Wavelet and Backpropagation for Diabetic Retinopathy Classification Based on Eye Retina Image. International Journal Of Science, Engineering, And Information Technology, 03(02), 139–142.

11. Priyatno, A. M. (2020). Spammer Detection Based on Account, Tweet, and Community Activity on Twitter. Jurnal Ilmu Komputer Dan Informasi, 13(2), 97–107. https://doi.org/10.21609/jiki.v13i2.871

12. Priyatno, A. M., Muttaqi, M. M., Syuhada, F., & Arifin, A. Z. (2019). Deteksi bot spammer twitter berbasis time interval entropy dan global vectors for word representations tweet’s hashtag. Register: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknologi Sistem Informasi, 5(1), 37–46. https://doi.org/10.26594/register.v5i1.1382

13. Refani, A. N., Yudoprasetyo, K., Arkani, M. I., & Dewata, J. V. (2026). Performance-based strain limits for aging spun pile-supported wharves under long-term corrosion and seismic loading. Civil and Environmental Engineering. https://doi.org/10.2478/cee-2027-0007

14. Sanjaya, S., Priyatno, A. M., Yanto, F., & Afrianty, I. (2018). Klasifikasi Diabetik Retinopati Menggunakan Wavelet Haar dan Backpropagation Neural Network. Seminar Nasional Teknologi Informasi Komunikasi Dan Industri (SNTIKI-10), 77–84.

15. Shin, Y. S., & Kim, H. J. (2025). Net-section fracture resistances of bolted gusset plates with various connection details. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 227, 109350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2025.109350

16. Song, Y., Zhang, M., Ke, K., Yam, M. C. H., & Lin, X. M. (2023). Behaviour and design of gusset plates in steel structures: A state-of-the-art review. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 211, 108188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2023.108188

17. Xie, J., & Zhang, W. (2024). Numerical analysis on steel bracing members with bolted gusset plate connections. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 222, 108960. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2024.108960

18. Zhang, W., Xie, J., Liu, Y., & Ding, Y. (2023). Experimental investigation on steel bracing members with bolted gusset plate connections. Journal of Building Engineering, 76, 107133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2023.107133

19. Zheng, D., Lui, E. M., & Shan, T. (2026). Finite element study and design of rectangular bolted corner gusset connections. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 236(A), 109954. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2025.109954