Transformasi Sosial Ekonomi Masyarakat Lingkar Tambang: Skill Mismatch, Ketimpangan Kesempatan Kerja, Dan Perubahan Sosial Di Desa Samaenre

Chayrunnisa Zalzabila; Andi Jam'an; Ismail Rasulong

doi:10.69693/ijmst.v4i3.12277

Authors

Chayrunnisa Zalzabila Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar
Andi Jam'an Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1467-5917
Ismail Rasulong Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5364-1309

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.69693/ijmst.v4i3.12277

Keywords:

dinamika sosial ekonomi, pertambangan, perubahan struktur ekonomi, skill mismatch, konflik sosial

Abstract

Penelitian ini menganalisis transformasi sosial ekonomi masyarakat Desa Samaenre, Kecamatan Wolo, Kabupaten Kolaka akibat aktivitas pertambangan PT Ceria Nugraha Indotama serta mengidentifikasi faktor pendorong dan penghambat perubahan tersebut. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus. Data diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi terhadap enam informan yang dipilih secara purposif, meliputi petani, pekerja tambang, pelaku usaha, ibu rumah tangga, pemerintah desa, dan perwakilan perusahaan. Analisis menggunakan model interaktif Miles, Huberman, dan Saldaña melalui kondensasi data, penyajian data, serta penarikan dan verifikasi kesimpulan, sedangkan kredibilitas dijaga melalui triangulasi sumber dan teknik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan transformasi yang bersifat asimetris. Pertambangan mendorong peralihan sebagian tenaga kerja dari pertanian ke pekerjaan tambang, meningkatkan pendapatan pekerja, dan menghasilkan efek pengganda melalui pertumbuhan warung, perdagangan, rumah sewa, dan jasa lokal. Namun, manfaat tersebut disertai kenaikan biaya hidup, perbedaan daya beli, terbatasnya akses masyarakat lokal terhadap pekerjaan formal, dan perubahan hubungan sosial. Skill mismatch yang bersumber dari rendahnya pendidikan, keterampilan teknis, pengalaman, dan sertifikasi menjadi mekanisme yang menghubungkan perubahan struktur ekonomi dengan pengangguran struktural, ketimpangan kesempatan, kecemburuan sosial, dan melemahnya kohesi masyarakat. Temuan menegaskan bahwa pembangunan pertambangan yang inklusif memerlukan pelatihan vokasional, sertifikasi, transparansi rekrutmen, penguatan UMKM, pengadaan lokal, dan program tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan yang partisipatif dan berjangka panjang.

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