Oligarki, Kebijakan Publik, Dan Tantangan Demokratisasi Dalam Tata Kelola Pemerintahan Daerah

Eddy Iskandar

doi:10.69693/ijmst.v4i3.11958

Authors

Eddy Iskandar Universitas Mulawarman

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.69693/ijmst.v4i3.11958

Keywords:

oligarki, kebijakan publik, tata kelola pemerintahan daerah, demokratisasi, dinasti politik

Abstract

Demokratisasi melalui desentralisasi di Indonesia diharapkan mampu memperkuat tata kelola pemerintahan daerah yang lebih partisipatif, akuntabel, dan responsif terhadap kepentingan publik. Namun, praktik pemerintahan daerah masih menghadapi tantangan berupa menguatnya konfigurasi kekuasaan oligarkis yang memengaruhi proses penyusunan kebijakan publik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis mekanisme oligarki dalam tata kelola pemerintahan daerah serta menjelaskan implikasinya terhadap demokratisasi kebijakan publik di Indonesia. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan analisis dokumen kualitatif dengan menelaah secara sistematis literatur akademik, peraturan perundang-undangan, dan Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 33/PUU-XIII/2015. Data dianalisis melalui pengodean tematik yang meliputi pembacaan berulang, pengodean deskriptif, pengelompokan tema, dan penyempurnaan kategori melalui diskusi sejawat hingga mencapai kejenuhan tematik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa reproduksi oligarki berlangsung melalui penguasaan sumber daya ekonomi lokal, dominasi rekrutmen politik berbasis partai, serta instrumentalisasi kebijakan dan anggaran daerah. Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi mengenai pencalonan kepala daerah turut memperluas ruang bagi keberlanjutan dinasti politik, sementara kajian komparatif memperlihatkan bahwa penangkapan elite dan patronase merupakan tantangan umum dalam tata kelola lokal di berbagai negara. Penelitian ini mengimplikasikan pentingnya penguatan mekanisme akuntabilitas horizontal, transparansi pemerintahan, reformasi rekrutmen politik, dan pemberdayaan masyarakat sipil sebagai prasyarat utama untuk memperdalam demokratisasi tata kelola pemerintahan daerah.

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