Tata Kelola Kebijakan Pascatambang di Kalimantan Timur: Analisis Kualitatif atas Tantangan Kelembagaan dalam Reklamasi dan Keberlanjutan Pascatambang
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69693/ijmst.v3i2.11957Keywords:
oligarki, kebijakan publik, tata kelola, pemerintahan daerah, demokratisasi, dinasti politikAbstract
Penguatan desentralisasi di Indonesia belum sepenuhnya mampu mewujudkan tata kelola pemerintahan daerah yang demokratis karena masih dihadapkan pada menguatnya konfigurasi kekuasaan oligarkis yang memengaruhi proses perumusan dan implementasi kebijakan publik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis mekanisme reproduksi oligarki dalam tata kelola pemerintahan daerah serta menjelaskan implikasinya terhadap demokratisasi kebijakan publik di Indonesia. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan analisis dokumen kualitatif (qualitative document analysis) dengan menelaah secara sistematis literatur akademik, peraturan perundang-undangan, serta Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 33/PUU-XIII/2015 yang berkaitan dengan desentralisasi, pemilihan kepala daerah, dan ekonomi politik lokal. Analisis dilakukan melalui pengodean tematik untuk mengidentifikasi pola-pola yang berulang dalam berbagai sumber data. Hasil penelitian mengidentifikasi tiga mekanisme utama reproduksi oligarki, yaitu penguasaan sumber daya ekonomi lokal, dominasi rekrutmen politik melalui partai, dan instrumentalisasi kebijakan serta anggaran daerah, yang diperkuat oleh konfigurasi kelembagaan dan regulasi yang belum mampu membatasi konsentrasi kekuasaan elite. Kajian komparatif juga menunjukkan bahwa penangkapan elite, patronase, dan lemahnya mekanisme akuntabilitas merupakan tantangan yang berulang pada berbagai sistem pemerintahan lokal di negara demokrasi transisi maupun demokrasi yang telah terkonsolidasi. Penelitian ini memberikan implikasi bahwa penguatan mekanisme akuntabilitas horizontal, reformasi rekrutmen politik, peningkatan transparansi pemerintahan, serta pemberdayaan masyarakat sipil merupakan prasyarat penting untuk memperdalam demokratisasi tata kelola pemerintahan daerah dan memastikan kebijakan publik lebih berorientasi pada kepentingan masyarakat.
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