Tantangan Tata Kelola Air Bersih dalam Mendukung Pencapaian SDG 6 di Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69693/ijmst.v4i2.10895Keywords:
Tata Kelola Air Bersih, SDG 6, Indonesia, Systematic Literature Review, Desentralisasi, Kebijakan AirAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji secara sistematis tantangan tata kelola air bersih dalam mendukung pencapaian Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6) di Indonesia. Pencapaian SDG 6 di Indonesia masih menghadapi kesenjangan serius antara capaian kuantitatif dan kualitas substantif layanan air bersih, yang tidak dapat dijelaskan semata oleh faktor teknis dan infrastruktural. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan berpedoman pada protokol PRISMA 2020. Pencarian literatur dilakukan secara sistematis melalui enam basis data akademik, yaitu Scopus, Google Scholar, DOAJ, Sinta, SpringerLink, dan ScienceDirect, dengan rentang publikasi tahun 2021 hingga 2026. Dari 94 artikel yang teridentifikasi, sebanyak 36 artikel lolos seluruh tahap seleksi dan dianalisis menggunakan sintesis tematik kualitatif. Hasil penelitian mengidentifikasi empat tantangan utama yang bersifat struktural, yaitu kelemahan kelembagaan, fragmentasi regulasi, keterbatasan kapasitas pemerintah daerah, dan ketidaksetaraan akses antara wilayah perkotaan dan pedesaan serta antara Indonesia Barat dan Timur. Tren penelitian menunjukkan pergeseran paradigmatik dari pendekatan teknis-infrastruktural menuju pendekatan institusional-kebijakan, dengan dominasi metode kualitatif dan konsentrasi studi di wilayah Jawa. Desentralisasi tata kelola air terbukti belum efektif karena transfer kewenangan tidak disertai transfer kapasitas yang memadai, sementara partisipasi komunitas masih bersifat pasif dan simbolis. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi enam research gap yang mendesak, meliputi minimnya riset di Indonesia Timur, absennya studi evaluatif longitudinal, kelangkaan riset pembiayaan, kurangnya integrasi interdisipliner, minimnya riset teknologi digital dalam tata kelola air, dan terbatasnya analisis tentang kelompok rentan. Hasil penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pemetaan sistematis lanskap riset tata kelola air bersih Indonesia dan memberikan rekomendasi berbasis bukti bagi percepatan pencapaian SDG 6 sebelum batas waktu 2030.
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