Implementasi Kebijakan Sistem Pemerintahan Berbasis Elektronik (SPBE) dalam Mendukung Transformasi Digital Pelayanan Publik di Indonesia

Rini Sari Anjani; Abdal Abdal

doi:10.69693/ijmst.v4i2.10558

Authors

Rini Sari Anjani Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung
Abdal Abdal Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.69693/ijmst.v4i2.10558

Keywords:

Sistem Pemerintahan Berbasis Elektronik (SPBE), Implementasi Kebijakan, Transformasi Digital, Pelayanan Publik

Abstract

Sistem Pemerintahan Berbasis Elektronik (SPBE) merupakan kebijakan strategis pemerintah Indonesia dalam mendorong transformasi digital pelayanan publik melalui pemanfaatan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi. Meskipun telah didukung oleh Peraturan Presiden Nomor 95 Tahun 2018, implementasi SPBE masih menghadapi berbagai kendala sehingga belum berjalan optimal dan merata di seluruh wilayah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi implementasi kebijakan SPBE dalam mendukung transformasi digital pelayanan publik di Indonesia berdasarkan Model Implementasi Kebijakan George Edward III. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan protokol Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Data diperoleh melalui penelusuran artikel pada Google Scholar dalam rentang tahun 2022–2026. Dari 100 artikel yang teridentifikasi, setelah melalui tahap identifikasi, penyaringan, penilaian kelayakan, dan penerapan kriteria inklusi, diperoleh 10 artikel empiris yang dianalisis secara tematik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi SPBE dipengaruhi oleh empat faktor utama, yaitu komunikasi, sumber daya, disposisi, dan struktur birokrasi. Hambatan paling dominan terdapat pada aspek sumber daya, khususnya keterbatasan kompetensi aparatur, infrastruktur digital, dan dukungan anggaran. Hambatan tersebut diperkuat oleh komunikasi kebijakan yang belum konsisten, rendahnya komitmen sebagian aparatur, serta lemahnya koordinasi antarinstansi. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa keberhasilan implementasi SPBE memerlukan penguatan komunikasi kebijakan, peningkatan kapasitas sumber daya manusia, pemerataan infrastruktur digital, penguatan komitmen aparatur, serta pembenahan struktur birokrasi agar transformasi digital pelayanan publik dapat berjalan efektif, terintegrasi, dan merata. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa transformasi digital tidak hanya bergantung pada teknologi, tetapi juga pada kesiapan organisasi, kepemimpinan, budaya kerja adaptif, dan kolaborasi antaraktor pemerintahan secara berkelanjutan di seluruh tingkat pemerintahan Indonesia saat ini.

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