Oversharing di Media Sosial, Jejak Digital, dan Risiko Phishing: Tinjauan Sistematis Literatur Berbasis Privacy Paradox

Dewi Sulastri; Mashyuri Mashyuri

doi:10.31004/riggs.v5i2.9514

Authors

Dewi Sulastri Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau
Mashyuri Mashyuri Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31004/riggs.v5i2.9514

Keywords:

Oversharing, Jejak Digital, Phishing, Rekayasa Sosial, Paradoks Privasi

Abstract

Perilaku oversharing di media sosial telah menjadi fenomena yang semakin mengkhawatirkan seiring meningkatnya penetrasi internet di Indonesia yang mencapai 221 juta pengguna pada tahun 2024. Fenomena ini menciptakan jejak digital yang luas dan rentan dieksploitasi oleh pelaku kejahatan siber, terutama melalui serangan phishing berbasis rekayasa sosial. Artikel ini bertujuan mengkaji secara sistematis hubungan antara oversharing, jejak digital (digital footprint), rekayasa sosial (social engineering), serangan phishing, dan paradoks privasi (privacy paradox) dalam ekosistem media sosial, dengan fokus khusus pada konteks Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalah Systematic Literature Review (SLR) mengacu pada panduan PRISMA terhadap 25 artikel ilmiah terpilih yang diterbitkan dalam rentang 2017-2025 dari basis data Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, dan Portal Garuda. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa perilaku oversharing secara signifikan memperluas jejak digital pengguna melalui mekanisme mosaic effect, di mana akumulasi informasi yang tampak tidak berbahaya dapat dirakit menjadi profil target yang komprehensif. Profil ini kemudian dieksploitasi melalui serangan phishing yang dipersonalisasi dengan tingkat keberhasilan yang jauh lebih tinggi dibandingkan serangan generik. Privacy paradox terbukti menjadi mekanisme psikologis utama yang menjelaskan disonansi antara kesadaran risiko dan perilaku berbagi aktual pengguna. Temuan ini sangat relevan untuk konteks Indonesia yang mencatat peningkatan serangan phishing sebesar 70% pada tahun 2024, dengan Indeks Literasi Digital yang masih berada di peringkat ke-61 dari 100 negara. Artikel ini merekomendasikan pendekatan terpadu antara penguatan literasi digital berbasis perilaku, penegakan UU No. 27 Tahun 2022 tentang Perlindungan Data Pribadi, dan reformasi desain platform menuju arsitektur privacy by design sebagai strategi mitigasi yang komprehensif dan berkelanjutan.

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