Eco-Efficiency Sawit Sumut: Memangkas Biaya Produksi PKS Melalui Manajemen Limbah Berkelanjutan

Putri Kemala Dwi  Lubis; Ondo Apostel Purba; Aurick Mathias Danarya  Purba; Obed Sion Gultom; Jhon Veriyanto

doi:10.31004/riggs.v5i2.9389

Authors

Putri Kemala Dwi Lubis Universitas Negeri Medan
Ondo Apostel Purba Universitas Negeri Medan
Aurick Mathias Danarya Purba Universitas Negeri Medan
Obed Sion Gultom Universitas Negeri Medan
Jhon Veriyanto Universitas Negeri Medan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31004/riggs.v5i2.9389

Keywords:

Eco-efficiency, Sawit Sumut, Biaya Produksi PKS, Manajemen Limbah Berkelanjutan, Limbah Padat, Substitusi Boiler

Abstract

Industri kelapa sawit di Sumatera Utara menghadapi tantangan peningkatan biaya produksi, terutama pada komponen energi dan pengelolaan limbah padat Pabrik Kelapa Sawit (PKS). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengestimasi potensi pemangkasan biaya produksi melalui penerapan eco-efficiency pada manajemen limbah padat, meliputi tandan kosong, serat, dan cangkang. Studi literatur sistematis dilakukan pada database Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, dan Portal Garuda dengan rentang publikasi 2015–2025. Dari 187 artikel awal, diperoleh 22 sumber utama yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, yaitu memuat data kuantitatif biaya pengelolaan limbah padat di Indonesia. Data biaya dinormalisasi ke tahun dasar 2024 menggunakan Indeks Harga Produsen dengan rata-rata inflasi 3,2% per tahun, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan content analysis komparatif. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa substitusi bahan bakar boiler dari serat dan cangkang memberikan penghematan tertinggi (Rp66.200 per ton Tandan Buah Segar/TBS), diikuti komposting tandan kosong (Rp36.500 per ton TBS), gasifikasi (Rp33.300 per ton TBS), dan pirolisis (Rp25.700 per ton TBS). Potensi penghematan tahunan untuk PKS tipikal berkapasitas 180.000 ton TBS mencapai Rp16,2 miliar, namun realisasi aktual di lapangan hanya Rp9,8 miliar atau 6,2% dari total biaya produksi. Skala PKS berpengaruh positif terhadap penghematan, dengan PKS skala besar (>40 ton TBS/jam) mencapai Rp71.000 per ton TBS. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa manajemen limbah padat berkelanjutan berbasis eco-efficiency efektif memangkas biaya produksi PKS di Sumatera Utara, dengan rekomendasi prioritas pada substitusi boiler. Implikasi praktisnya, PKS skala kecil tetap dapat mengadopsi teknologi sederhana. Saran penelitian lanjutan adalah validasi lapangan pada tiga PKS dengan skala berbeda.

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